Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus Status Involvement during COVID-19 Infection
Abdalla Eltoum Ali *
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Alzaeim Alazhari, Sudan and Program of Medicine & Medical Laboratory Science, Alofoug College of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohamed Fathy Seyyed Ahmed
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Alzaeim Alazhari, Sudan.
Somia Mohammed Suliman
Program of Medicine & Medical Laboratory Science, Alofoug College of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Ibrahim Ahamed Ali Karti
Program of Medicine & Medical Laboratory Science, Alofoug College of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Haidar Eltayeb Saleh
Clinical Research Laboratory Services, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (SCCC), Miami University, Miami Fl33136, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is associated with a weak immune system in the human body. Vitamin D plays a role in the body’s immune system and is known to enhance the function of immune cells. In this case, vitamin D inhibits some of the inflammation that can make COVID-19 more severe. The is study aims to determine the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted during the period from January 2021 to July 2021. 50 COVID-19 patients as a case study and 50 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from the study group and measured for vitamin D using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Calcium and phosphate were measured by the Cobas 6000 fully automated analyzer (Roche, Germany).
Results: The study result showed that in COVID-19 patients, vitamin D (27 ± 5 ng/mL), p-value = 0.000, and calcium (10.2 ± 4 mg/dL), p-value = 0.000, in comparison with control. There was a correlation between vitamin D (r = -.771; p =.000) and calcium (r = -.752; p =.000) and the severity of disease.
Conclusions: According to our research, vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of developing COVID-19 and the risk of developing severe illnesses.
Keywords: COVID -19, vitamin D, calcium, phosphate