Therapeutic Potentials of Phytochemicals in Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Possible Okikiola Popoola *
Division of Diagnostic Assay Design and Medical AI, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Margaret Seun Ijibadejo
Department of Biochemistry, Babcock University Ilishan –Remo, Nigeria.
Deborah Olufunmilayo Adejumo
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry/Biochemistry), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
Oghenefejiro Dorcas Efeurhobo
Department of Pharmacology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Oluwanifemi Omodara Ogunleye
Department of Microbiology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Leah Titilayo Olawumi
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Microbiology), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
Tosin Titus Olaniran
Department of Pure and Applied Biology (Microbiology) Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Genomics and Bioinformatics unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Nigeria.
Mercy Mary Ogunwale
Department of Public Health, Lead City University, Nigeria.
Chinedum Ojinaka Okafor
Louisiana State University Health System, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
Oluwagbemisola Elizabeth Elesho
Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Nigeria.
Yakub Yakub Tunde
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Ilorin Nigeria.
Igben Osu Gold
Department of Pharmacology, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a grave threat to global health that is made worse by the abuse and excessive use of antibiotics. This review looks into the processes of this bacterial resistance, particularly efflux pump systems, and calls for the consideration of alternative approaches. The antimicrobial plant derived bioactive compounds, rich in phytochemicals, are of significance as they can serve to mute the resistance mechanisms. Some of the core active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and essential oils have been proven to work on some multi-drug resistant pathogens Among other things, this review also discusses how phytochemicals interact with ordinary antibiotics to improve drug effectiveness while minimizing the chances of resistance. The case studies emphasized suggest that plant derived antimicrobials are potent tools in the fight against AMR. In conclusion, the results emphasize the need for the incorporation of phytochemicals within modern treatment approaches in order to curb the problems of AMR in the world.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, phytochemicals, antibiotics, multi-drug resistance